Lichen planus is a chronic inflammatory condition that often affects the skin, mucous membranes, hair, and nails. While the exact cause remains unclear, numerous studies have suggested that underlying imbalances, particularly in nutrients and hormones, may play a key role in its development and severity.
Nutritional Causes of Lichen Planus
Many studies have pointed to deficiencies in certain nutrients as contributing factors for lichen planus. For instance, a 2024 study found a strong correlation between vitamin D deficiency and the occurrence of lichen planus. Another study from the same year highlighted that individuals who supplemented with vitamin D experienced less pain and an overall improvement in their symptoms (2024 study). Additionally, a 2022 summary of five studies confirmed that vitamin D supplementation consistently led to symptom relief in lichen planus patients.
Beyond vitamin D, other nutritional deficiencies have been linked to the condition. A 2014 study suggested that low zinc levels may be a risk factor. Research from 2015 found that those with lichen planus are more likely to have low levels of hemoglobin and iron. These deficiencies underscore the importance of comprehensive nutritional testing to identify and address possible imbalances.
Vitamin B12 deficiency has also been observed in patients with lichen planus, as noted in a 2020 study. The diverse array of nutrient deficiencies suggests that a holistic approach, which includes evaluating a broad range of vitamins and minerals, is essential for managing this condition.
Hormonal Factors Related to Lichen Planus
Hormonal imbalances may also play a role in the development and progression of lichen planus. A 2024 study found that individuals with the condition had elevated cortisol levels, suggesting that stress and cortisol may be contributing factors. Furthermore, a 2021 review connected cortisol levels to the severity of lichen planus symptoms in multiple studies.
Thyroid disease has been closely associated with lichen planus as well. Research from 2017 showed a fourfold increase in the risk of developing lichen planus in individuals with thyroid antibodies. The same year, another study found a higher prevalence of lichen planus among those with thyroid disease.
Estrogen levels also appear to influence the condition. A 2021 study found that higher estrogen levels correlated with more severe lichen planus symptoms. Given these hormonal connections, a thorough hormone panel may be useful in understanding the underlying contributors to this inflammatory disease.
Inflammatory and Autoimmune Factors
Inflammation is a hallmark of lichen planus, and studies have identified higher levels of inflammatory markers in those with the condition. For instance, a 2022 study confirmed elevated inflammation in lichen planus patients. This inflammation could be driven by underlying autoimmune factors. In fact, a 2023 study found that antibodies related to celiac disease were more common in individuals with lichen planus, with greater disease severity observed in those with higher antibody levels. This may suggest that autoimmune conditions may exacerbate the symptoms of lichen planus and contribute to its persistence.
Additionally, a 2013 study found elevated levels of homocysteine, another marker of inflammation, in individuals with lichen planus. Our clinic can perform testing to assess for autoimmune and inflammatory markers that may be contributing to the condition.
Natural Therapies for Lichen Planus
Addressing the nutritional, hormonal, and autoimmune imbalances identified through comprehensive testing can guide the treatment of lichen planus. For example, vitamin D and zinc supplementation, as supported by numerous studies, can help reduce symptoms and improve overall health.
Given the complex nature of lichen planus, our clinic tailors treatment plans based on individual findings. If cortisol or thyroid imbalances are detected, we focus on restoring hormonal balance through natural therapies, reducing inflammation, and supporting the immune system.
Types of Lichen Planus
Lichen planus can be divided into subtypes based on the characteristics of the condition. These include:
Oral lichen planus
Nail lichen planus
Linear lichen planus
Annular lichen planus
Atrophic lichen planus
Hypertrophic lichen planus
Inverse lichen planus
Eruptive lichen planus
Bullous lichen planus
Ulcerative lichen planus
Lichen planus pigmentosus
Lichen planopilaris
Vulvovaginal lichen planus
Actinic lichen planus
Lichen planus-lupus erythematosus overlap syndrome
Lichen planus pemphigoides
Other Risk Factors for Lichen Planus
Certain conditions and lifestyle factors have also been identified as potential risk factors for lichen planus. A 2012 study found a higher prevalence of diabetes in individuals with the condition, and a 2007 study linked insulin resistance to lichen planus. Heavy metals, such as mercury and copper, have been implicated in some cases of oral lichen planus (mercury; copper), suggesting that environmental factors may also play a role in the disease.
Conclusion
Lichen planus is a multifactorial condition influenced by nutritional, hormonal, inflammatory, and autoimmune factors. Our clinic's approach is to thoroughly investigate these underlying imbalances through comprehensive testing and create personalized treatment plans. By addressing these root causes, we aim to reduce symptoms and improve the quality of life for those affected by lichen planus.